The severity and types of injury depend on the proximity to the blast, its pressure, and the presence of other elements such as fragments and heat. 3,4 High-order explosives, such as dynamite ...

which is composed of thin bones ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mm in thickness close to the thin cribriform plate and leads to crushed injury by blast effect into NOE comminuted fractures. This effect ...

The prevalence of armed conflicts, terrorist attacks and industrial accidents necessitates clinician understanding of blast injuries in both civilian and military settings. Blast injuries are a ...