Shown are the five primary mechanisms of blast injury and their associated effects on the human body. Secondary injuries result from propelled debris causing penetrating trauma and lacerations.

All of these devices have been shown to dramatically increase eye/orbital injuries. The pathophysiology, biophysics and mechanism of primary and secondary blast-wave front effects are primary ...

The prevalence of armed conflicts, terrorist attacks and industrial accidents necessitates clinician understanding of blast injuries in both civilian and military settings. Blast injuries are a ...

The prevalence of armed conflicts, terrorist attacks and industrial accidents necessitates clinician understanding of blast ...

primary injuries to the lungs, ears and bowels due to the blast wave; secondary injuries caused by trauma from propelled debris; tertiary injuries due to blast wind impacts on the body ...

lung rupture and brain injury. One of the systems vulnerable to blast is the eyes/orbits where the risk is increased dramatically. Secondary fragmentations and flying debris from highly explosive ...