Angelo and Cross (book available in CTE library) have written extensively on formative classroom techniques. Summative assessment is used to understand student learning at the end of a class or ...

It is the use of the assessment that makes it formative. If evidence of student achievement is not used to adapt instruction or to give feedback to students to improve their learning, it is summative.

For example, activities like research presentations contain both the learning activity as well as the assessment. Regardless, summative assessments occur after the completion of learning activities, ...

A new book from faculty members in the Boston College School of Theology and Ministry offers a guide to the art of theological education from the perspective of formative education sensibilities and ...

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments ... a vital role in ...

Summative assessments are implemented at the end of a unit, course, or instructional period to evaluate how well students have achieved the learning objectives, such as knowledge, skills, and ...