The circuit isn’t going to beat ... which results in a roughly 8V breakdown voltage. Essentially, this transistor is being used as a poor-quality Zener diode. At normal temperatures, the pass ...

In this application, Zener diodes switch the output between voltages. This is determined by the changes in input voltage through the diode. The output circuit amounts to a Zener regulator that ...

Perhaps the simplest way to regulate a DC voltage is using a voltage divider and/or an active device like a Zener diode ... designing low-inductance circuit traces on the PCB as well as ...

Voltage references are electronic circuits that produce constant output voltages (references) that are used to compare other voltages in a system. There are two general types of voltage references: ...