Out of the limelight, theoretical physicists continue to seek a mathematical model that can explain the universe's particles ...

leptons, and bosons. It is a very comprehensive framework backed by extensive experimental evidence and is the foundation of modern particle physics. The Standard Model extends the principles of ...

The Standard Model is a kind of periodic table of the elements for particle physics. But instead of listing the chemical elements, it lists the fundamental particles that make up the atoms that make ...

Since the launch of the Large Hadron Collider, researchers have been studying Higgs bosons and searching for signs of physics ...

Electrons are one of the six types of lepton. Leptons are particles that can exist on their own. Protons and neutrons belong to the ‘family’ of hadrons. The hadrons are the heavier particles.

These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...

Discovered at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012, the elusive Higgs boson particle has been at the centre stage for ...

The second edition of this introductory graduate textbook provides a concise yet accessible introduction to the Standard Model. It has been updated to ... the electromagnetic and weak interactions of ...

Developed in the last part of the 20th century, the Standard Model provides a sort of roster listing all ... You need 12 ...