In the absence of oxygen (such as in lakes and water-saturated soils), methane (CH₄) is released. Methane is a more powerful greenhouse gas than CO₂ as it holds more heat in the atmosphere ...

(*)(S) Başer, T., Traore, T. and McCartney, J.S. (2016). “Physical modeling of coupled heat transfer and water flow in soil-borehole thermal energy storage systems ...

An underground layer of saturated rock, sand or gravel that absorbs water and allows it to pass freely through pore spaces. The zone of soil moisture above the watertable where water is drawn upwards ...

The following materials were used: 1) Concrete parameters (Density, geometrical parameters of wall); 2) Clayey-Sand soil parameters (Saturated density, humid density, submerged density, Angle of ...