The question of what protons or neutrons are made up of has an apparently simple answer: quarks and gluons. However, when it ...

Astrophysicists have detected the most energetic electrons ever recorded raining down on Earth. With trillions of times the ...

It's hard to tell when you're catching some rays at the beach, but light packs a punch. Not only does a beam of light carry ...

In a new experiment, light beams carrying orbital angular momentum caused electrons in graphene to gain (blue beam) and lose ...

Seven years ago, a scientist accomplished what no one else had before: capturing an image of a single atom. This stunning ...

"Understanding these cosmic rays allows us to unveil big particle accelerators in the universe that are often associated with ...

The attraction by the chlorine atoms is stronger than the attraction by the calcium atom. Two electrons are transferred from the calcium atom, one to each chlorine atom. Calcium becomes a +2 ion and ...

the electron from each atom feels an attraction from the proton in the other atom's nucleus. This attraction pulls the atoms together. The electrons end up being shared by the atoms in a region around ...

When building an atom, pay close attention to the particles' electrical charges. Protons have a charge of +1. Electrons have a charge of -1. Neutrons are neutral, as its name implies. A stable ...